A Comparative Study of Apelin-13 between Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), which affects 20% to 40% of those with type II diabetes, is a metabolic disease that has a high risk of morbidity and death. Evaluate and compare the levels of Apelin-13 in individuals diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy & control individuals to investigate the possibility of use (APLN-13) as biomarkers of prognosis for early identification in patients with and without nephropathy. Methodology: This study employed a case-control methodology, forming three groups of 120 (40-70 years) individuals each. Group 1 comprised forty healthy controls. Group 2 consisted of forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and normal albuminuria. Group 3 included forty patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. assessments Serum levels of Apelin-13 and Pentraxin-3. Additionally, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria, and albumin to creatinine ratio assessments. APLN-13 levels were higher in the micro and macro groups (496.7±61.1 pg/ml) than in the T2DM & control groups (361.9±51.8 pg/ml and 183.2±67.4 pg/ml, respectively). APLN-13 and eGFR showed a positive connection (r= 0.449, p= 0.047). When it came to differentiating between T2DM and control groups for APLN-13, the (AUC) was 0.974, 95%CI= 0.945-1.0, p <0.001. At the cut-off level of APLN-13= 263 pg/ml, the test's sensitivity and specificity were 95% & 82%, respectively. The AUC to differentiate diabetic nephropathy from controls was 0.999, 95%CI= 0.997-1.0, p <0.001. At the cut-off value of APLN-13= 290 pg/ml, the test's sensitivity & specificity were 100% and 98%, respectively. From all data and correlations of different variables in the present study, it can be concluded that Apelin-13 levels in diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients increase in proportion to the disease's progression, serving as an early diagnostic predictor in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Moreover, individuals with elevated Apelin-13 levels and type 2 diabetes are at a higher risk of developing nephropathy earlier in the disease course.