Emerging Role of Exosomes in Parkinson’s Disease: Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Therapeutic Perspectives
Exosomes, nano sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cell types, have gained prominence in neurodegenerative disorders due to their role in intercellular communication and molecular transport. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the misfolded alpha-synuclein protein propagates through exosomal transmission, influencing neuronal degeneration. These vesicles also carry neurotoxic or neuroprotective molecules including miRNAs, potentially modifying disease progression. Understanding exosome dynamics provides insight into PD pathogenesis and opens new avenues for biomarker discovery and targeted therapy. This review explores the mechanistic role of exosomes in PD, their biomarker potential, and prospects for exosome-based therapeutic interventions.