Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Levels and Their Association with Glucose and Lipid Profiles in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Gestational diabetes (GDM) and thyroid disorders are the two most prevalent hormonal during pregnancy. There may be a connection between insulin resistance (IR), changes in how the body processes carbohydrates, and abnormalities in thyroid function. Understanding the relationship between thyroid hormones and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes. This case-control study included 50 pregnant women suffering from gestational diabetes who diagnosed at Maysan Children’s and Maternity Hospital for the period from 5/11/2023 to 5/20/2024, along with 50 pregnant women who did not have gestational diabetes and 50 non-pregnant women who did not have gestational diabetes as a healthy control group. The study groups were divided according to body mass index into a normal weight group, an overweight group, and an obese group. Measured fasting glucose levels, Lipid profile, HBA1c and insulin levels and thyroid hormones. Notable elevations in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels were noted in the GDM group when compared to the control and normal pregnant groups. In contrast, HDL cholesterol was lower in the GDM group as compared to the normal pregnant group. Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to both the control and normal pregnant groups. Thyroid function displayed a decrease in T4 and an increase in TSH levels in the GDM group when compared to the normal pregnant group. The gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group showed higher total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, with lower HDL compared to normal pregnant women. Also, fasting glucose, HbA1c, and insulin levels were higher in the GDM group. Lower T4 and higher TSH were also observed in the GDM group.