Impact of Cigarette Smoking on Serum and Seminal Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in Men of Reproductive Age
According to the World Health Organization; Infertility is described as "a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. This study aims to explore the smoking effect on levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in fertile males. A case control study recruited 60 fertile men into a study group: 30 smoker and 30 non-smokers. Their demographics, haematological indices, and biomarkers (AMH in serum and AMH in seminal, Testosterone, Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)and Luteinizing Hormone (LH)in serum were collected). The study found a negative impact of smoking on the levels of the AMH hormone in both blood and seminal fluid, with lower levels observed in smokers compared to non-smokers. In summary, our study demonstrates the negative impact of smoking on AMH levels in healthy men's blood and seminal fluid. This emphasizes the urgent need for smoking cessation programs to safeguard reproductive health. Future research should delve into the mechanisms of AMH depletion and explore therapeutic interventions.