THE EXPRESSION OF PD-L1 GENE IN IRAQI CANCER PATIENTS
Tumour cell surface-expressed programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) may bind to T cell-expressed programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). Through a decrease in T-cell activity and an acceleration of their apoptosis, the interaction between PD-1 and PD-L1 may suppress T-cell responses. High amounts of PD-L1 are expressed by a variety of malignancies. This is the first investigation of PD-L1 expression in Iraq, specifically in the Basrah governorate, using BC, CRC, and PC patients. One hundred and one blood samples from patients with prostate, colorectal, and bladder cancer were obtained for this study. However, as a control group, 101 blood samples from people who were cancer-free were gathered. After extracting RNA from two millilitres of peripheral blood, PD-L1 mRNA was quantified using qPCR and the RNA was transcribed to cDNA. The demonstrated that the PD-L1 gene was overexpressed in bladder cancer, with expression levels assessed at ± 3.24 for controls and ± 23.19 for patients. When compared to a healthy comparison group, the patients' gene expression changed seven times. In colorectal cancer (CRC), the PD-L1 gene was overexpressed, with expression levels measured at ±2.90 for controls and ± 15.06 for patients. This indicates that the patients' gene expression differed by five times from the healthy control group. In the present study, PD-L1 gene was expressed at a significantly higher level in the BC, CRC, but not in PC patients compared in the controls group.