The Role of Serum Zinc, Copper, and Serum Homocysteine Levels in Predicting Cardiovascular Risk in Coronary Artery Disease
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and sickness on a global scale. The consumption of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in the diet has been strongly associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evaluation of the relationship between homocysteine, zinc, copper and cardiovascular disease to reduce the risk of disease. A study conducted at Al-Sadr general hospital and Maysan heart center in Maysan Governorate, Iraq from Augest 2023 to March 2024, it included 3 groups: a control group of 60 healthy individuals (40 males and 20 females), a group of 80 people with arterial syndrome. Acute coronary heart disease (50 males and 30 females), and a group of 40 individuals with chronic stable angina (22 males and 18 females). Ages ranged between 28 and 67 years. The research groups displayed notable disparities in BMI and diabetes mellitus, although there were no significant distinctions in age, sex, or hypertension. Patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) had a considerable increase in TC, TG, LDL, and VLDL levels, whereas HDL levels were unchanged. Serum zinc decreased significantly, while copper, troponin, and homocysteine levels increased significantly in ACS patients compared to controls. In chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, TC and LDL levels decreased significantly, HDL increased, and TG and VLDL remained unchanged. Serum zinc and homocysteine increased significantly in chronic CAD, whereas troponin decreased. Elevated lipid levels and increased homocysteine in ACS suggest heightened cardiovascular risk, while changes in zinc and troponin levels across conditions indicate distinct biochemical profiles. Correlations between lipid markers and trace elements emphasize their role in disease progression and risk assessment.